Equipment Appraisal Blog | Understanding Machinery Appraisals

When considering an updated equipment appraisal for your business’s tangible assets, it’s easy to fixate on cost. However, the value of your machinery and FF&E directly affects your bottom line, therefore, cost should not be the number one concern. Reliability should be the driving factor. Appraisal professionals know that a high-quality report is much more valuable than one conducted by an uncredentialed, inexperienced “competitor.”

A lot goes into completing an equipment appraisal behind the scenes that should be documented and presented clearly in a final appraisal report. From data gathering, research, analysis, and report writing, all of these steps go into a high-quality valuation.

Consistent communications and timely deliverables also come with paying more for a quality valuation and engaging with an accredited appraiser. Every business owner should feel comfortable that they are in good hands and can “rest easy” knowing that the job will be completed at the highest level of satisfaction. You simply won’t get this type of service with a cheaper company that uses less experienced employees who don’t have the same skill set.

If you’re presenting your appraisal to a potential lender, insurer, investor, or buyer, they will recommend using someone with the proper credentials and expertise to support their goals. Certified equipment appraisers use industry standards and have the education and experience to properly research, analyze, and prepare a detailed report that will satisfy all requirements. The most qualified valuation professionals should also be able to verify their experience as expert witnesses working with the courts, auditors, and even the IRS in the defense of their opinions.

In summary, although you may pay a bit more to have a high-quality appraisal completed for your machinery and equipment, the extra cost will be more than offset by the reliability of the end product, which can be used to accomplish any number of goals you may have as a business owner. When considering engaging with a professional, take the time to understand why the cost is more than the less expensive option. Then, ask the company providing the cheap option how quality will be factored into their valuation. If the answer is vague, it’s likely a sign that they will not deliver the type of report you need to get your goals accomplished.

Valuing marine vessels has certain unique variables to consider that are unlike other types of machinery and equipment. That being said, the approaches and methodologies to rely upon remain consistent with other tangible assets. Therefore, whether it's a supply boat, barge, towboat, fishing vessel, yacht, or container ship, if you are a generalist M&E appraiser, there's no reason to shy away from valuing ocean-going or inland waterway vessels.

To begin, factor in the purpose of the appraisal, which will assist in guiding the necessary criteria. Are you looking to support a resale effort, an acquisition, a determination of insurable value, or an assessment of the vessel's worth for financing or leasing purposes? Each objective may require a slightly different approach.

Once engaged, collect all relevant paperwork, including:

• Registration and Ownership Documents: Verify the vessel's legal status.
• Maintenance Records: A well-maintained boat retains more value.
• Inspection and Survey Reports: Essential for a comprehensive condition assessment.
• Recent Modifications and Upgrades: These can increase the vessel's value.

Reviewing the most recent survey/inspection report, along with reinvestments involved with rebuilds and/or upgrades, can assist in making necessary adjustments to value. Most generalist appraisers are not mechanics or technicians and can only independently adjust for these factors if they have third-party reports and invoices to reasonably verify the condition and work completed.

Focus on comments regarding the hull and structural integrity, mechanical systems (engines, propulsion, electrical), and interior and fixtures (cabin, navigation, and safety).

Develop an effective age for the vessel based on its original build date, annual usage, and major component rebuilds.

Research the current market value of similar vessels by considering the make and model, current specifications, and recent sales of new and used comparable vessels, along with economic data impacting the marine industry. Rely on both the market and cost approaches to value in an effort to balance the two perspectives and weigh them based on the level of comps available to consider.

In summary, as with other types of equipment, once you have the data in hand, use your experience and common sense to develop an analysis that factors in all relevant components to arrive at a reasonable estimate of value. I think you'll find that valuing marine vessels is a challenging but very interesting area of machinery and equipment appraisal work.

Whether you're a business owner, investor, or lending institution, it's important to understand the current value of the machinery and equipment involved with a transaction you're contemplating. It's also vital to look ahead and estimate the future value of these capital assets so you can manage risk and leverage equity that will come into play down the line.

If you are not comfortable estimating these values on your own or if the proposed deal calls for an independent third-party valuation, it's time to contact an equipment appraiser who can provide an accredited report that will document this for you.

From the business owner's perspective, you might have an immediate need to purchase new or used equipment for a large 5-year construction or manufacturing project that requires a sizable cash outlay to handle the additional production capacity. You look to buy at a reasonable price point, but just as importantly, you will want to factor in the resale value and future benefit of ownership as part of the budget. For example, suppose the initial investment into the project is $2,000,000, and you estimate the future value of the machinery in five years at $500,000. In that case, this will offset the short-term capital outlay and greatly increase the profitability of the project once completed. You can then either sell off the additional equipment for immediate gain or determine that integrating the assets into your ongoing operation is more beneficial.

From an investor, lending institution, or leasing company viewpoint, collateral review, and asset management are critical components of your business to manage risk and maximize returns. Financing and leasing companies will look to provide their clients with lower monthly payments by including an unamortized residual amount at the expiration of the deal term. By understanding the future value of the collateralized machinery, you can assess a reasonable residual value that can be realized by selling the equipment back to the existing customer or in the open resale market.

From my experience, banks and leasing companies will conduct an independent appraisal at both Fair Market and Orderly Liquidation Value levels and ask the appraiser to include a future value estimate that matches the loan or lease term. They will then discount those values by a certain percentage they are comfortable with to allow for any unforeseen changes in the market and potentially make additional gains on the resale, thus boosting the profitability of the transaction.

Whatever situation you find yourself in, consider engaging with a qualified, experienced, and credentialed machinery and equipment appraiser who can provide an independent opinion of value that will best support and document future value estimates.

Complete independence is something most of us long for when it comes to living our lives. Although the definition in this context is somewhat different as compared to independence in a business transaction, the same level of importance applies to the term. Without independence in business, there exists the possibility that one or more parties involved may be making decisions or influencing those who make them in order to attain a desired result.

When value is part of the equation in a transaction, the stakes are even higher, and the risks involved are much greater. Value equals money and we all know how money can drive a lot of poor decisions.

With that idea in mind, it brings us to the concept of an independent and unbiased appraisal. Believe it or not, it was only around 35 years ago that federal and state regulators began mandating that all independent appraisers become certified, accredited, and/or licensed to become qualified. Before that time, many appraisers were not governed by these rules, which essentially means they had no official oversight. Thus, their independence, as well as the formal knowledge and understanding of how to complete an unbiased third-party valuation were not evident.

Since that time, appraisal foundations that were already in existence began to prosper, allowing for expanded oversight as well as the creation of more formal educational and experience requirements for appraisers. Formal standards of professional appraisal practice become more entrenched into the process that formally certifies and accredits valuation experts.

These changes were welcomed by banks, insurance companies, investors, and business owners, as there was now a high level of confidence that their transactions would include a fully independent assessment of value with the associated companies and their underlying assets, such as real estate, machinery & equipment, and intangibles.

The additional costs associated with these fully independent appraisals were outweighed by the added benefits, as the risk of any possible bias in their deals was significantly reduced.

In summary, there are still companies out there who claim to be appraisal experts but do not hold the required certifications or licenses needed to comply with all the regulations currently in place. Ensure that you don’t engage with any business or individual who is not accredited by a reputable appraisal association as they are not governed under these rules of independence.

There are a lot of reasons why companies and individuals need professional valuation reports as part of their ongoing dealings. Collaborative transactions, such as leasing and financing, donations and gifting, estate transfer, and mergers and acquisitions, will always be part of an appraiser’s practice. That being said, company and personal disputes will always be a primary driver of business for experienced valuation professionals.

Partnerships in companies once built to last somehow weaken and crumble when decisions can no longer be mutually agreed upon. Husbands and wives, who once enjoyed a happy relationship can no longer tolerate each other and have no interest in agreeing to negotiate a fair divorce settlement due to built-up resentment and anger.

Companies collaborating on an exciting joint venture suddenly become untrustworthy of the other’s intentions and can no longer work together as a team.

I could go on with general examples, however, the point is, that there will always be disputes arising between businesses and individuals because that’s just the way life is. People you thought you trusted show their other side and eventually betray you. Others decide they want to change their habits and opinions about important issues and begin to butt heads with the ones they previously were in sync with. It’s simply human nature. Some can adapt and resolve things between themselves, however, many cannot.

When individuals begin to disagree, a wall often builds up between the parties that is impossible to tear down. What was an issue that at first could easily be negotiated or compromised on, suddenly morphs into a problem that has no right answer. Common sense goes out the window and eventually, third parties are brought in to decide the fate of the situation.

This is where outside consultants, like appraisers and industry experts, with a high level of experience, have opportunities to work independently to assist in the dispute and play a part in the eventual settlement or ruling of the case.

If you find yourself in a situation like this, professionally or personally, first look to hire a good attorney. Then, when the time is right, discuss the case with experienced accredited consultants, such as an equipment or business appraiser, who can work with you to develop unbiased opinions about the assets involved with the case.