Equipment Appraisal Blog | Understanding Machinery Appraisals

Complete independence is something most of us long for when it comes to living our lives. Although the definition in this context is somewhat different as compared to independence in a business transaction, the same level of importance applies to the term. Without independence in business, there exists the possibility that one or more parties involved may be making decisions or influencing those who make them in order to attain a desired result.

When value is part of the equation in a transaction, the stakes are even higher, and the risks involved are much greater. Value equals money and we all know how money can drive a lot of poor decisions.

With that idea in mind, it brings us to the concept of an independent and unbiased appraisal. Believe it or not, it was only around 35 years ago that federal and state regulators began mandating that all independent appraisers become certified, accredited, and/or licensed to become qualified. Before that time, many appraisers were not governed by these rules, which essentially means they had no official oversight. Thus, their independence, as well as the formal knowledge and understanding of how to complete an unbiased third-party valuation were not evident.

Since that time, appraisal foundations that were already in existence began to prosper, allowing for expanded oversight as well as the creation of more formal educational and experience requirements for appraisers. Formal standards of professional appraisal practice become more entrenched into the process that formally certifies and accredits valuation experts.

These changes were welcomed by banks, insurance companies, investors, and business owners, as there was now a high level of confidence that their transactions would include a fully independent assessment of value with the associated companies and their underlying assets, such as real estate, machinery & equipment, and intangibles.

The additional costs associated with these fully independent appraisals were outweighed by the added benefits, as the risk of any possible bias in their deals was significantly reduced.

In summary, there are still companies out there who claim to be appraisal experts but do not hold the required certifications or licenses needed to comply with all the regulations currently in place. Ensure that you don’t engage with any business or individual who is not accredited by a reputable appraisal association as they are not governed under these rules of independence.

There are a lot of reasons why companies and individuals need professional valuation reports as part of their ongoing dealings. Collaborative transactions, such as leasing and financing, donations and gifting, estate transfer, and mergers and acquisitions, will always be part of an appraiser’s practice. That being said, company and personal disputes will always be a primary driver of business for experienced valuation professionals.

Partnerships in companies once built to last somehow weaken and crumble when decisions can no longer be mutually agreed upon. Husbands and wives, who once enjoyed a happy relationship can no longer tolerate each other and have no interest in agreeing to negotiate a fair divorce settlement due to built-up resentment and anger.

Companies collaborating on an exciting joint venture suddenly become untrustworthy of the other’s intentions and can no longer work together as a team.

I could go on with general examples, however, the point is, that there will always be disputes arising between businesses and individuals because that’s just the way life is. People you thought you trusted show their other side and eventually betray you. Others decide they want to change their habits and opinions about important issues and begin to butt heads with the ones they previously were in sync with. It’s simply human nature. Some can adapt and resolve things between themselves, however, many cannot.

When individuals begin to disagree, a wall often builds up between the parties that is impossible to tear down. What was an issue that at first could easily be negotiated or compromised on, suddenly morphs into a problem that has no right answer. Common sense goes out the window and eventually, third parties are brought in to decide the fate of the situation.

This is where outside consultants, like appraisers and industry experts, with a high level of experience, have opportunities to work independently to assist in the dispute and play a part in the eventual settlement or ruling of the case.

If you find yourself in a situation like this, professionally or personally, first look to hire a good attorney. Then, when the time is right, discuss the case with experienced accredited consultants, such as an equipment or business appraiser, who can work with you to develop unbiased opinions about the assets involved with the case.

If you run an appraisal practice and don’t have enough employees to handle all of the responsibilities, or if you simply want to cut back on your workload, hiring a subcontractor might be an affordable and effective option. Consider them as an alternative to expanding fixed overhead that might be only a temporary need or a more permanent way to bridge a gap in staffing. Subcontractors can save you time and excess costs, in comparison to other options.

If you run a national practice, one of the areas where hiring subcontractors might be a good choice is field work or site visits. Some inspection companies have local contacts across the country in every state and major city that you can hire to gather photographs and additional asset information during the appraisal process. As long as you work closely coordinating scheduling and ensuring the inspection directives are clear, this may end up saving you time and money in comparison to driving for hours or flying out to the facility yourself.

Another area where subcontractors might assist you in your valuation is with industry experts who can provide supporting research and reliable opinions of value to bolster your report. If you’re working on a project where the equipment has a limited secondary market or data is hard to come by, it might be worth it for an expert in the field who buys and sells the machinery to provide you with a written summary opinion that contains the details necessary to solidify your value estimates.

Before you commit to engaging with a subcontractor, take a long look at the overall scope of work and the larger transaction involved with the appraisal. With fieldwork, ensure you are advising your client that you will remain the primary contact throughout the process and that the valuation analysis will be your work product. Advise them the inspector does not have valuation experience but is qualified to work with them to gather photos and complete a basic inventory validation with the asset listing provided.

There will be projects where you feel the only way to accomplish the fieldwork properly is to visit the site yourself or to send one of your employees, so pick and choose the projects as you see fit.

Industry expert subcontractors may come in particularly handy if you are working on a legal case where you could end up providing your report to the courts in an effort to facilitate a dispute. Judges will tend to rely more on valuations that are supported by multiple sources, and having one or two written supplemental opinions will bolster your work product.

In summary, subcontractors, if vetted properly and chosen for the right projects, can be a useful tool for equipment appraisal professionals.

After almost 40 years of working in the machinery and equipment markets, I find it fascinating how so much has changed but many things remain the same. Whether it involves financing and leasing, asset management, buying and selling, or independent valuation, the methodologies and mechanics of these industry sectors working together to be successful have been consistent for decades.

From an appraisal perspective, you don’t need to be an expert in any one type of market or industry to estimate value effectively. The principles and methodologies learned and practiced within the M&E appraisal profession do not change as the asset types vary. Gaining experience and developing a sound and supportable technique for appraising is the key to becoming a well-regarded appraiser.

Here are a couple of topics to think about that might help you along the way as you continue to develop your valuation skills and expertise:

Initial Information Gathering:

Obtaining the details behind the equipment you are appraising is a critical first step in providing a credible appraisal. Variables such as the year, make, model, serial number/VIN, hours/mileage, original cost, and any relevant specifications and documentation are all important to obtain. Communicate with the current owner to gain a basic understanding of the history of the machinery and gather any detailed itemized listings and support data that might be available.

Gather a Broad List of Sources

During the research process, try not to put too much weight on any one source when it comes to estimating value. Multiple perspectives from varied market sources can provide you with a balanced amount of information that you can review to ultimately form your own opinion. Remember that this is your appraisal, not simply a parroted version of someone else’s.

Don’t Rely on One Approach

From my experience, it is beneficial to consider and weigh the appraisal from both the Cost Approach and Sales Comparison Approach. Regardless of how much resale data might be available for any piece of equipment, it is also beneficial to understand the new replacement cost, useful life, and typical market levels of depreciation and obsolescence that occur with machinery and equipment. Combining the elements of both approaches can create a check and balance type system for your analysis and provide a sanity check to all the data gathered.

Like anything else in life, experience is gained by doing, and each year you can continue to hone your skills to become a better equipment appraiser.

We see many instances where business owners and individuals no longer need to operate used machinery or have recently acquired older equipment and personal property as part of a larger purchase or estate settlement. In any of these cases, the assets are no longer useful, and there becomes a need to decide the best option for transferring ownership.

The first thought is usually determining the ability to sell or liquidate the assets; however, this process may be difficult, especially if demand is limited or the owner is unfamiliar with the potential resale markets. As an alternative, donating the property to a local business, university, training school, or non-profit organization might be a better choice. The benefits of a tax deduction and supporting your community or alma mater might outweigh the uncertainty and time-consuming process of trying to sell the items on your own.

Before you decide which options are best, it is a good idea to consult with your accountant as well as an accredited professional appraiser, especially if you know the total value of the donation will be significant. The IRS rule is that an independent appraisal is required as part of any deduction claim in excess of $5,000. You must also include Form 8283 as part of your income tax filing. The form needs to be signed by you, the appraiser, and the party you are donating to.

The cost of the appraisal can sometimes become a challenge in comparison to the tax benefit. For example, suppose you have dozens of small items that are being donated together, and all need to be appraised. In that case, the total value might not support the cost given the valuation process will be time-consuming. You need to broadly calculate your expected tax deduction by approximating the total value of your donation and multiplying it by your estimated adjusted income tax percentage.

As an example, a $50,000 donation would result in a $10,000 deduction for someone in the 20% tax bracket. If the appraisal costs $5,000, you will end up with a $5,000 overall benefit for the donation. A lower overall value for your donation will create a more price-sensitive situation regarding the appraisal cost, and vice versa.

It is important to review and discuss these scenarios with your accountant and the appraiser to try and create an affordable option that makes sense for you. Grouping together some of the less expensive items for the purpose of valuing them might be one viable way to save on the time and cost of completing the appraisal. The focus can then be placed on the higher-valued property for the purpose of detailing and itemizing the report.